Remember the line, "Where have you gone Joe DiMaggio?" For
this topic, it's "Where have you gone Magic Johnson?" Magic was a
great, unselfish TEAM player who may have been the greatest passer of
all time (although John Stockton is pretty good too). Television focuses
on watching the pros doing their one-on-one moves and slam dunks. Kids
see this too. Team skills and delivering the perfectly timed and
accurate pass aren't as flashy. Besides, who wants to do passing
drills... everyone finds them boring, both players and coaches. I am at
fault too... this passing article is the last one I have written in the
"Player Development" section of this web-site.
On the other hand, excellent passing is the essence of
outstanding team play, and it is really fun to watch a perfectly timed
and delivered pass for an easy lay-up (or dunk). Poor passing and
turnovers will kill your offense quicker than anything. A bad pass
results in a turnover, no shot taken and an opportunity to score is
lost. Players must become better passers and we coaches must continue to
find ways to teach them to become better passers.
Passing seems very easy when you have two players facing
each other practicing chest passes or bounce passes. But put a defender
on each one of them, and it becomes really difficult. So, I think that
once you get beyond the early formative stages in a player's
development, you must do passing drills with defenders involved to
simulate game situations. Also, I think passing drills that involve
players passing and catching on the move are better than stationary
drills, since seldom in a game do you pass to someone standing still.
Passing fundamentals
A good pass is one that is caught by the receiver.
Successful passing involves two parts, making the pass and receiving the
pass. The receiver should have "soft" (relaxed) hands, catch the ball
with both hands and look the ball into his/her hands. The receiver
should, in most cases, be moving toward the pass... "meet the pass".
Most of the time, the receiver should not be stationary. The receiver
must learn to get open by making V-cuts and back-cuts, and setting
screens for other teammates and then sealing the defender and "rolling"
off those screens (see Cutting and Faking, Setting Screens). A receiver should always know where the ball is.
A big part of passing is making correct decisions with the ball.
If a defender is in the passing lane, you don't force the pass. You
should not pass into the defense, or "into a crowd" where your receiver
is surrounded by defenders... sounds obvious but I see it all the time.
Pass away from the defense. We use the phrase "see the defense". Do not
pass into a situation where your receiver is not in a good position to
receive the ball. An example of this would be passing up the floor
against a press where your receiver has his/her back turned away from
the hoop and there is a defender coming up on the blind side.
This next point is very important. A good passer knows how to open the passing lanes by making a fake
in one direction, and then passing the opposite direction. Making a
ball fake, head bob, pass fake, or just looking the opposite direction
("looking the defender off") will often open the desired passing lane.
Do not look right at your receiver or "telegraph" your passes. Use your
peripheral vision and keep your eyes forward and know where your
teammates are at all times. Bad passes can result from dribbling with
your head down, and then at the end of the dribble, making a quick
pass... often to a defender who slips into the passing lane.
A good passer knows how to deliver the ball with
"touch"... that is, with just the right velocity and angle to make it an
easy catch for the receiver. A pass can be in the perfect location, but
if it is too hard, it is uncatchable by your teammate and you lose the
ball. If your pass is too soft and easy, the defense can intercept it.
You must learn to "anticipate"... that is, pass the ball
to where your teammate will soon be, not where he/she is right now. You
must lead the receiver, and not pass behind him/her. Good passing
involves timing and communication between the passer and receiver.
That's why it really is not an easy skill to master because it involves
two players working together.
Both the passer and the receivers must learn to read the
defense. Learn to "drive and dish" where you make a penetrating dribble
move, but then at the last moment when you have drawn the defense to
you, you either make the bounce pass to a post player under the hoop, or
you kick it out to the wing or corner for a three-pointer.
Just like shooting, you must be under control when you
make a pass. You should be balanced with both feet on the floor. When
speed-dribbling down the floor on a fast-break, keep your eyes forward
and stay under control so you can deliver the pass to the open teammate
at the precise, correct moment. I see the following subtle passing error
made occasionally on the fast break. The player speed-dribbling the
ball up the floor, when making the final pass on the break, will
sometimes at the end of the dribble bring the ball back on the hip to
get more velocity on the pass. A hustling defender comes up from behind
and pokes the ball loose from the passer… it usually goes out-of-bounds,
but you have lost a chance to score a lay-up. When making this pass,
keep the ball in front of you.
Don't get into the habit of jumping when you pass. If you
jump when you pass, you have no other option but to pass, and if the
defense closes the passing lane while you are airborne, you're in
trouble.
Let's take a few specific instances:
Point Guard to Wing pass
The wing player should first make a V-cut and the
passer should time the pass for when the receiver breaks back out of the
V-cut. If the defender is back off the wing player, pass the ball right
into his/her numbers, or on your teammate's side toward the hoop, so
that he/she is immediately is position to release the shot. If the pass
is made to the outside, the receiver must first pivot and square up
before he/she can shoot. Now, if the defender is up closer, make the
pass to the outside of your teammate. If the defender is in the passing
lane, your teammate should make a back-cut to get open... if not, he/she
has no shot and you should look to pass elsewhere, or make a move
yourself. Another point... the pass to the backcut can be a pass
straight to your cutting teammate, or often a nice bounce pass leading
the receiver will do the job here.
Perimeter Passing
Contrary to what is often taught, the chest pass is not
real good here. To make a chest pass, you must have a clear passing
lane directly in front of you. If the defender is in front of you, a
pass that comes from your chest area is easily deflected. Use either the
lateral pass or the two-handed overhead pass.
In making the lateral pass, you fake opposite and then
cross your opposite foot (the foot which is away from the direction of
the pass) in front of you and step in the direction of the pass. You
deliver the pass with some "zip" on it so it cannot be intercepted. For
example, if you want to pass to the right, you make a fake to the left
and then cross your left foot over in front of you while pivoting on
your right foot and make the pass to the right. This is almost like a
chest pass except the pass is not released from the center chest area,
but more from your side.
The two-handed overhead pass
This pass is often used as an outlet pass off a
rebound, or for a "skip" pass (a cross-court pass over a zone defense).
It can also be used to quickly move the ball around the perimeter. Your
target is your teammate's head... a little higher than the chest. In
making this pass, do not bring the ball back behind your head… keep it
straight up (or slightly in front) and over your head.
Passing into the Post
Timing is very important here. The pass should be made
as the post player is coming into his/her post position. A bounce pass
is usually most effective and easiest to catch. Once the ball is on the
wing, the pass to the low post should be made quickly before the defense
is set. The passer should be able to clear the passing lane by making a
good fake, and should also learn how to make the "step-around"
bounce-pass (fake an overhead pass, and with the non-pivot foot make a
long stride around the defender to improve the passing angle. One error I
see in making the step-around pass is when the player is making the
actual step-around, he/she will bring the ball around the back or hip,
as if to protect it. This slows the timing of the pass and gives the
defense just enough time to react and possibly intercept the pass.
When the low post is fronted, a lob pass over the top can
be attempted, but only if your post player has a clear advantage... this
pass is often unsuccessful.
Passing Drills
See the menu of standard passing drills on this
web-site. In addition, I would incorporate passing drills where defense
is played against the pass. Passing is easy and boring with no defenders
involved. It becomes a very difficult skill once defenders are in
place. Drills that involve players passing and catching on the move are
better than stationary drills, since seldom in a game do you pass to
someone standing still.
You can design your own simple drills. One would be to practice the pass from point to wing and back, using one or two defenders. Teach the V-cut and back-cut. Teach the point guard how to make a nice leading bounce pass to the back-cutter.
Another drill practices the wing to low post pass using two defenders.
Teach the passer how to fake and open the passing lane and how to make
the "step-around" bounce pass (see above). He/she must also recognize
the correct target. If the defender is playing on the baseline side,
make the pass to your teammate's hip on the lane side. If the defender
is playing on the lane side, put the pass on your teammate's baseline
hip. You can also front the low post and practice the lob pass "over the
top".
Another drill is to put your offense in a half-court set against a man-to-man defense, and have them pass against this defense... no dribbling allowed,
unless it is a one or two bounce dribble to attack the hoop, or a drive
and dish. After five possessions, switch offense and defense. Make sure
your receivers are making good V-cuts or back-cuts and they come to the
ball when receiving. Here also is an opportunity to stress the
importance of setting good screens. All passes are caught with two hands
with the receiver in triple threat position.
Also practice passing against various zones, again with no dribbling...
get them to move the ball quickly in order to over-shift the zone. Use
the two-handed overhead pass and skip passes. Get them to recognize the
gaps in the zone. Use the bounce pass into the post, and make good
inside passes. Not only do these drills help your passing, but also help
your team to learn how to break zone defenses down... and it's a lot
more fun than just doing simple partner passing drills.
